C Programming Basics

Overview

C is a procedural, general-purpose programming language known for its efficiency and control.

Fundamentals

• Variables and Data Types: int, float, char, arrays
• Operators: Arithmetic, logical, bitwise
• Control Flow: if-else, loops (for, while, do-while)
• Functions: Declaration, definition, and recursion
• Pointers: Memory addresses and pointer arithmetic

Memory Management

• malloc and free for dynamic allocation
• Stack vs Heap
• Memory leaks and prevention

Common Pitfalls

• Buffer overflows
• Null pointer dereferences
• Uninitialized variables